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Dopamine signals when a fear can be forgotten

215 点作者 gmays22 天前

18 条评论

Aurornis22 天前
When you see headlines (or hear podcasters) talk about dopamine and other neurotransmitters, remember that neurotransmitters are merely signaling molecules.<p>The correct way to interpret this study is that dopamine is part of the signaling chain involved in fear extinction. The specific details of where, how, and when that dopamine moves through the brain are important.<p>The wrong way to interpret these studies is to think of dopamine as a &quot;level&quot; within the brain that goes up and down. Resist the urge to assume that taking a dopamine-modulating drug will result in this specific outcome.<p>Dopamine response within the brain is very complicated and region dependent. When encoding aversive stimuli (things you learn to avoid) there is evidence that dopamine signaling decreases in some brain areas while it increases in others: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.sciencedirect.com&#x2F;science&#x2F;article&#x2F;pii&#x2F;S235215462400127X" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.sciencedirect.com&#x2F;science&#x2F;article&#x2F;pii&#x2F;S235215462...</a> That&#x27;s just the tip of the iceberg. Don&#x27;t fall for the trap of thinking that dopamine does just one or two things in the brain.
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abhisek22 天前
I have a simple question. How do I control dopamine in &quot;my&quot; brain so that I can focus on &quot;here and now&quot; instead of HN and GitHub.
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voytec22 天前
It&#x27;s weird that there&#x27;s no mention of adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). Dopamine is only a precursor for a broader chemical reaction. All three - with dopamine - play crucial roles in our bodies&#x27; stress response system, and definitely with fear reactions. Dopamine is just a neurotransmitter.<p><pre><code> tyrosine -&gt; dopamine -&gt; (beta-hydroxylase) -&gt; noradrenaline -&gt; Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase &gt; adrenaline</code></pre>
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justanotherjoe21 天前
I don&#x27;t know why more attention here is not put in appreciating the headline. What a brilliant, insightful line. Simple. Abstract enough to apply to many things that you experienced just begging to be synthesized, but haven&#x27;t.
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childintime22 天前
Makes sense, as Parkinson patients, freeze or tremble, which are both fear responses. I have seen my mother die of Parkinsons. I see a static (permanent) fear response as the straightforward cause for Parkinsons (combined with a helpful personality, which makes it difficult to just snap out of it).<p>On the other end there were people close by that having seen war, took a life lesson from their fear response: you survive by being alert and by distrusting. They radiated a permanent state of alarm, as the enemy may come when you least expect it.
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carlgreene21 天前
This is a really cool study—finally shows that dopamine isn’t just about reward but actually acts as the “all-clear” signal that lets the brain unlearn fear. By watching dopamine neurons light up when an expected shock doesn’t happen, and then using light to tweak that pathway, they prove dopamine release in the amygdala actively drives extinction rather than just tagging along. It’s exciting because it hints at new ways to boost therapies for PTSD and anxiety by tweaking that VTA→BLA circuit or D1 receptors
mountainriver22 天前
Incoming cocaine therapy!<p>Seriously though as someone who suffers from extreme anxiety I am eternally grateful for this kind of work.<p>I would really like to see this combined with brain stimulation.
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michaelbrave21 天前
This could explain the link between why so many with ADHD also tend to have anxiety, since ADHD could roughly be considered a lack of dopamine (I know it&#x27;s more complex than that, but it is a significant portion of it).
Havoc22 天前
&gt;extinguish fear after a peril has passed<p>Surprised that there is no mention to extreme sports in this.<p>Big &quot;what a rush&quot; moment right after the person does something extreme and survives. Big dose of adrenaline in there not just dopamine but the parallels seem striking
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castillar7621 天前
This is a fascinating finding! As someone with a neurodivergent brain (and kids with it as well), I&#x27;m wondering if this has something to do with the greater degree of anxiety in neurodivergent brains, which often have trouble processing dopamine the same way neurotypical brains do.
ednite20 天前
Interesting—I just posted a piece on my blog today about an experience that felt exactly like this. Once the panic settled, it was like my brain rewired itself for learning. Fear gave way to focus. Deadline pressure turned into this weird kind of superpower.
elia_4221 天前
The role of dopamine in superimposing new positive experiences on past fear-related memories is interesting. I am curious to see the possible effects on therapeutic treatments.
seydor21 天前
It&#x27;s amazing how many pioneering studies about the anatomy of memory engrams come from Tonegawa&#x27;s lab (who is already a Nobelist on another field)
pgt22 天前
I&#x27;m still reading the paper, but dopamine rebalances neuronal weights, so I&#x27;d be surprised if it <i>did&#x27;nt</i> change fears and aspirations.
ZYbCRq22HbJ2y722 天前
Like saying a loud noise can cause an avalanche
190eH169ps22 天前
can someone build a script that extracts the names of all this stuff like neurotransmitters, messengers, proteins, hormones and visualizes their amounts per metabolism around&#x2F;at the time of the measured effect&#x2F;observed behavior and or during the time of conditioning -- when stimulating (chemical, physical, psychological) measures were taken? a table to start with would be fine.<p>please? all that lingo is above my pay-grade
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amanj377721 天前
Great
isomorphic22 天前
This line in the article is <i>horrifying</i>:<p>&gt; The researchers were surprised that when they activated VTA dopaminergic inputs into the aBLA they could reinstate fear even without any new foot shocks, impairing fear extinction.<p>That... seems like the first step in being able to literally <i>induce fear</i> without having to bother with pesky things like finding the subject&#x27;s triggers. Although I suppose if one has direct access to the subject&#x27;s amygdala, the point is somewhat moot.<p>Still, it&#x27;s sort of like a reverse wirehead.<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Wirehead_(science_fiction)" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Wirehead_(science_fiction)</a>
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