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50 years of bad grammar advice

73 点作者 quoderat大约 16 年前

8 条评论

bbg大约 16 年前
Pullum makes some good points -- his objection to the irrelevant distinction between 'that' and 'which' is apt -- but I believe that his starkly opinionated denunciation reeks of silly academic spleen and ultimately mischaracterizes this concise, helpful, and even beautiful little book.<p>First, although Pullum inveighs against Strunk and White, he tends to direct his barbs not toward the book itself, but toward writing teachers. For example:<p>"Sadly, writing tutors tend to ignore this moderation, and simply red-circle everything that looks like a passive...."<p>This mode of criticism is rather like blaming the Bible for the sins of the Inquisition -- you can do it, but your criticism falters right away by missing the true target.<p>Where Pullum does criticize the book itself, he accuses it of harboring a fussy and decontextualized view of language. Unfortunately, this very criticism can be directed back at Pullum. For example, when he criticizes the absence of a passive verb in this sentence:<p>"There were a great number of dead leaves lying on the ground",<p>Pullum ignores Strunk and White's elegant and concise rephrase:<p>"Dead leaves covered the ground."<p>Here, "covered", an active, transitive verb taking the direct object "ground", conveys vividly what the verbose and pale construction "were lying", coupled with the prepositional phrase "on the ground", does not. Pullum's fussiness about the meaning of the word "passive" obscures S&#38;W's point: vividness and brevity come together nicely in the active construction.<p>Pullum falls into an abyss of self-contradiction when he concludes Strunk and White do not understand grammar:<p>"But despite the "Style" in the title, much in the book relates to grammar, and the advice on that topic does real damage. It is atrocious. Since today it provides just about all of the grammar instruction most Americans ever get, that is something of a tragedy."<p>Once again Pullum faults The Elements for the sins of its followers, not for its own qualities. But what is most important here is that Pullum first argues (implausibly) that The Elements is a grammar book, and then (incomprehensibly) accuses S&#38;W of having written about grammar when they should have confined themselves to writing about style!<p>Finally, Pullum uncharitably criticizes The Elements as a "bunch of trivial don't-do-this prescriptions." He ignores the fact that S&#38;W explicitly recommend that writers "Put statements in positive form" (section II.19), and follow through on this prescription themselves when they recommend such practices as: "Use definite, specific, concrete language," "Keep related words together," and "Omit needless words."<p>(Pullum criticizes this last recommendation on the ground that it unhelpfully fails to show which words are needless. Once again, Pullum fails to cite S&#38;W's paragraph-long discussion of the matter or to recognize that they offer over a dozen illustrative examples.)<p>To be sure, the Elements is not a perfect book. For one thing, language is not a static object admitting of a timeless description. Furthermore, I would not argue that everyone should use The Elements as guiding light; "de gustibus non disputandum," as Cicero said, about tastes there can be no argument (meaning that tastes do not admit of rational arguments). So if you don't like the book, fine. Still, Pullum's blinkered mischaracterization of the book serves only to get him another publication in his CV, not to enlighten his readership. Although I may be blinkered myself by having grown to love this book in college, I wholeheartedly recommend it as one of the finest and most timeless style manuals available.
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pg大约 16 年前
To pull something like this off convincingly, you have to write better than E. B. White, which is pretty hard to do.<p><pre><code> The Elements of Style does not deserve the enormous esteem in which it is held by American college graduates. </code></pre> Ug. What a clinker. He sounds like Hector Dexter.<p>And he's not even saying what he means to. Undergrads like the book too; surely he's not deliberately excluding them? He should have just written:<p><pre><code> The Elements of Style doesn't deserve its reputation.</code></pre>
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mattmaroon大约 16 年前
"Many are useless, like "Omit needless words.""<p>Useless as instructions, perhaps, but highly useful as mantras. Much of writing is editing/refactoring, in which case it's great to repeat to yourself "omit needless words", "Be clear", and "Do not explain too much" as you do it.
mkyc大约 16 年前
I credit the article for giving me cause to celebrate on this 16th, but all past its thirteenth word is trash. The Elements of Style is an elegant book that has improved both my writing and my programming. It will improve yours. It would improve Pullum's, if he ever bothers to read it.<p>The meat isn't in the titles but rather in the content, the examples, and the writing itself. "Do not inject _irrelevant_ opinion" makes a poor title. So too does "Be alert for those needless words that you're bound to write". The titles are just reminders. Don't read just the titles. Read the whole book.<p>The 4 sentences mentioned are not examples of passives. They are examples of "there is" and "could be X" expressions that should be converted into a forceful active voice. Read the book carefully.<p>Criticisms of teachers and universities are irrelevant. How often do students read their texts carefully? Yet the book is short and clear. Don't get a second-hand account - not from a teacher, not from a friend, not from me, and certainly not from [this ignorant pedant] Pullum. Read the book yourself.<p>The book is a wonderful reference, too. Buy or borrow it and read it. Read it three times.
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mdemare大约 16 年前
The author is a regular contributor the the Language Log (recommended).<p><a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/" rel="nofollow">http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/</a>
dchest大约 16 年前
Quote from the article:<p>-----------------------<p>"What concerns me is that the bias against the passive is being retailed by a pair of authors so grammatically clueless that they don't know what is a passive construction and what isn't. Of the four pairs of examples offered to show readers what to avoid and how to correct it, a staggering three out of the four are mistaken diagnoses. "At dawn the crowing of a rooster could be heard" is correctly identified as a passive clause, but the other three are all errors:<p>"There were a great number of dead leaves lying on the ground" has no sign of the passive in it anywhere."<p>What they wrote in the book:<p>----------------------------<p>(section called "Use the active voice", after examples of passive voice)<p>The habitual use of the active voice, however, makes for forcible writing. This is true not only in narrative principally concerned with action, but in writing of any kind. Many a tame sentence of description or exposition can be made lively and emphatic by substituting a transitive in the active voice for such perfunctory expression as there is, or could be heard.<p><pre><code> There were a great number of dead leaves lying on the ground. Dead leaves covered the ground. </code></pre> (link: <a href="http://tinyurl.com/cpnsxd" rel="nofollow">http://tinyurl.com/cpnsxd</a>)<p>Quote:<p>------<p>"And then, in the very next sentence, comes a negative passive clause containing three adjectives: "The adjective hasn't been built that can pull a weak or inaccurate noun out of a tight place."<p>That's actually not just three strikes, it's four, because in addition to contravening "positive form" and "active voice" and "nouns and verbs," it has a relative clause ("that can pull") removed from what it belongs with (the adjective), which violates another edict: "Keep related words together."<p>...<p>"Keep related words together" is further explained in these terms: "The subject of a sentence and the principal verb should not, as a rule, be separated by a phrase or clause that can be transferred to the beginning." That is a negative passive, containing an adjective, with the subject separated from the principal verb by a phrase ("as a rule") that could easily have been transferred to the beginning. Another quadruple violation.<p>------------------<p>Exactly! That's the beauty of Strunk &#38; White -- and here I link to John Gruber: <a href="http://daringfireball.net/linked/2009/03/24/language-log-strunk-and-white" rel="nofollow">http://daringfireball.net/linked/2009/03/24/language-log-str...</a><p>The critic just doesn't get it.<p>Quote:<p>------<p>Simple experiments (which students could perform for themselves using downloaded classic texts from sources like <a href="http://gutenberg.org" rel="nofollow">http://gutenberg.org</a>) show that Strunk and White preferred to base their grammar claims on intuition and prejudice rather than established literary usage.<p>Consider the explicit instruction: "With none, use the singular verb when the word means 'no one' or 'not one.'" Is this a rule to be trusted? Let's investigate.<p>* Try searching the script of Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest (1895) for "none of us." There is one example of it as a subject: "None of us are perfect" (spoken by the learned Dr. Chasuble). It has plural agreement.<p>* Download and search Bram Stoker's Dracula (1897). It contains no cases of "none of us" with singular-inflected verbs, but one that takes the plural ("I think that none of us were surprised when we were asked to see Mrs. Harker a little before the time of sunset").<p>* Examine the text of Lucy Maud Montgomery's popular novel Anne of Avonlea (1909). There are no singular examples, but one with the plural ("None of us ever do").<p>------<p>My Russian language teacher said (Russian is my native language): don't try to write like the one who is a master in language that ignores the rules -- rules are not for them. They are for you until you master the language.<p>Quote:<p>------<p>Geoffrey K. Pullum is head of linguistics and English language at the University of Edinburgh and co-author (with Rodney Huddleston) of The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (Cambridge University Press, 2002).<p>-----<p>Ah, OK. That's the Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. (No, seriously, British English is different from... sorry, different than American English.)
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lowdown大约 16 年前
His grammar book is $161.42 - ouch! I bought the 50th S&#38;W Elements. It is a nice little volume and has some good advice in it. There are certainly better style guides out there - no doubt. It's a guide, not a 6lb 1860 page grammar bible.
jpwagner大约 16 年前
Summary: Strunk and White are grammatical incompetents.<p>Nonsense.
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