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Is Sugar Really Toxic?

81 点作者 to_jon将近 12 年前

18 条评论

hristov将近 12 年前
This article shows how the fructose industry is defending itself. Mostly by confusing the issue.<p>The thing about fructose is that it is not by itself poisonous. The problem only comes about for refined fructose, such as that found in cane sugar and HFCS. In those cases, fructose overwhelms the liver and gets processed by wrong pathways which result in all kinds of problems. But if you eat fructose in the form of fruits and vegetables, your body has to take a while to break the fructose out of the fruit and vegetable cells. Thus, your liver only gets a steady trickle of fructose instead of a flood of it. As a result, the liver can process the fructose correctly. Furthermore, if you eat fructose with fiber, molecules from the fiber help the liver process more fructose correctly.<p>Knowing this, it is not difficult to construct an experiment that shows that fructose is not harmful. All you have to do is feed your subjects the correct form of fructose (i.e., fruits and vegetables). The experiment where subjects ate large numbers of apples and were perfectly ok was quite telling.<p>The other defense of the sugar industry is that it is not the sugar, it is the overeating. However, refined sugar causes the overeating. One of the results of processing fructose the wrong way is that the liver does not produce the hormones that are supposed to inform the brain that you are full. Thus, refined fructose causes overeating of sugar and anything else you happen to be eating with your sugar. Personally I know I eat much more fries if I eat them with ketchup and I will eat much more steak if I eat it with steak sauce.<p>The fat people and diabetics are being blamed for eating too much and lacking willpower. They may be partially to blame, but it is very hard to make the correct decision when your brain&#x27;s own sensory mechanisms are being hijacked and tricked. It is very hard to stop eating when you are constantly hungry. But if you cut down on the sugar you will not be constantly hungry, and then you may find that you do not even need that much will power to cut down on your calories.
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pvnick将近 12 年前
Everytime a nutrition-related article gets posted, people always submit stories regarding their own personal unscientific weight-loss successes. Most of the time I don&#x27;t even think they&#x27;ve read the article.<p>That being said, I found the article interesting, but, as a biochem major, fairly unsurprising. Fructose and glucose are fundamental elements of our body&#x27;s metabolism, and metabolism is a fundamental element to life. It&#x27;s what gives your cells energy to do every single thing they do. That sucrose, a compound made up of a single fructose molecule bonded to a glucose molecule, is not detrimental to your health given reasonable consumption reaches &quot;duh&quot; levels of obviousness. Same is true of high fructose corn syrup, which actually just contains 55% fructose and 42% glucose, a negligible difference. So it seems the only detriment to your health posed by HFCS over sucrose is the anxiety you&#x27;ll get by worrying about it.<p>Like someone else said &quot;TL;DR: stop eating so much, fatty.&quot; In more practical terms, eat reasonably and lift weights and you&#x27;ll be fine.<p>Edit:<p>Here&#x27;s some science for you:<p>Energy in = Energy out + Change in Body Stores (fat or muscle)<p>Where &quot;energy&quot; is measured in calories. Laws of thermodynamics ain&#x27;t nothin&#x27; to f with! [1]<p>[1] <a href="http://www.bodyrecomposition.com/fat-loss/the-energy-balance-equation.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.bodyrecomposition.com&#x2F;fat-loss&#x2F;the-energy-balance...</a>
mullingitover将近 12 年前
Sola dosis facit venenum.<p>I didn&#x27;t pay attention to my weight for a couple years, ate a lot of sweets and drank a lot of beer. Before I knew it I&#x27;d gained 30 pounds, and had a minor freakout. I decided to do three things--weigh myself every morning, stop eating sugar except for from fruit, and stop drinking. I ended up shedding 30 pounds in 90 days, and have kept it off for a full year. I didn&#x27;t exercise or count calories in any way, in fact I probably upped my overall calorie consumption but I replaced the sugars with more complex energy sources like nuts. I&#x27;m not sure if it was cutting the alcohol, cutting the sugar, or both that did the trick. However, I&#x27;ve been letting myself have some alcohol for the past few months (wine, not beer) and haven&#x27;t gained a pound since doing so, so my gut tells me it was the sugar. I definitely feel a whole lot healthier.
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greghinch将近 12 年前
The article takes the long winded approach to point out the rational argument about how to combat obesity that&#x27;s been obvious all along: moderation. Laying the blame on sugar in general is a panacea; the problem more has to do with how efficiently sugar delivery has been engineered. Processed foods have made it so that you can eat a relatively small quantity of matter and get a huge amount of sugar (and fat).<p>Want to get healthy and lose weight? Cut the processed foods. If it comes in a box, don&#x27;t buy it. If there are ingredients you have trouble pronouncing, don&#x27;t buy it. Your body has evolved to know when you&#x27;ve had enough food (slowing down your eating will help too). But those foods that are designed in a lab have sugar and other &quot;bad&quot; stuff in disproportionately high amounts, so by the time you&#x27;ve eaten enough to feel full, you&#x27;ve eaten <i>way</i> too much.<p>TL;DR: stop eating so much, fatty
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wmil将近 12 年前
This line...<p>&gt; Considering that our cells depend on sugar for energy,<p>Is dishonest. In general parlance &quot;sugar&quot; refers to sucrose. Sucrose is a glucose bonded to a fructose.<p>Our bodies need glucose to live.<p>However they do not need fructose.
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jdkuepper将近 12 年前
A great read on this same topic: <a href="http://eatingacademy.com/nutrition/is-sugar-toxic" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;eatingacademy.com&#x2F;nutrition&#x2F;is-sugar-toxic</a><p>&quot;What I find frustrating about this debate is that most people yelling and screaming don’t fully define the terms, perhaps because they don’t appreciate them (forgivable) or because they are trying to mislead others (unforgiveable). The wrong question is being asked. “Is sugar toxic?” is a silly question. Why? Because it lacks context. Is water toxic? Is oxygen toxic? These are equally silly questions, I hope you’ll appreciate. Both oxygen and water are essential for life (sugar, by the way, is not). But both oxygen and water are toxic – yes, lethal – at high enough doses.&quot;
grannyg00se将近 12 年前
&quot;Enzymes in the intestine split sucrose into fructose and glucose within seconds, so as far as the human body is concerned sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup are equivalent.&quot;<p>I&#x27;m not an expert by any means, but from what I recall that point is still widely contested.
nicholas73将近 12 年前
Yes sugar is toxic because of the metabolic by-products of fructose, which is similar to the by-products of alcohol. Both are known to make freshmen put on weight.<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBnniua6-oM" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=dBnniua6-oM</a>
FrankenPC将近 12 年前
&quot;—a nutrition scientist at Archer Daniels Midland, a major food processing corporation—&quot;<p><i>Facepalm</i>
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nmerouze将近 12 年前
I am amazed by the number of people here claiming sugar is bad. I&#x27;ve been eating fruits, fruit juices, milk and sodas as the main part of my diet for a few months now. I&#x27;ve lost weight and I feel really really good (I was in a low carb diet before and always craving carbs and feeling awful).<p>I&#x27;ve been like you in the past. But instead believing in Lustig and others, I&#x27;ve kept reading scientific studies and the work of Ray Peat is much more consistent.
patrickg_zill将近 12 年前
I have found that reduced-carb and reduced-sugar diets are the best way to lose weight. I have been on &quot;6 small servings with lots of lean protein and yogurt&quot; and on keto-style diets (lots of animal fats, butter, and, almost 0 carbs). Both have resulted in significant loss of weight. I find that the keto-style diet gives me a very even energy throughout the day (probably because the body is slowly burning fat and there are no insulin spikes).
jacques_chester将近 12 年前
Net caloric balance is still the best long term predictor of average body mass, regardless of dietary macronutrient composition.<p><a href="http://examine.com/faq/what-should-i-eat-for-weight-loss.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;examine.com&#x2F;faq&#x2F;what-should-i-eat-for-weight-loss.htm...</a><p>In turn, obesity is a strong predictor of many diseases, regardless of other factors.<p>In individual cases unobservable &quot;noise&quot; can affect the rate of gain or loss vs the estimated rate given by subtracting an estimate (calories gleaned from an activities database) from another estimate (calories written on the side of the food packet).<p>But when you look at population BMI vs population calorie intake, it looks suspiciously like a perfect correlation:<p><a href="http://wholehealthsource.blogspot.com.au/2012/06/calories-still-matter.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;wholehealthsource.blogspot.com.au&#x2F;2012&#x2F;06&#x2F;calories-st...</a><p>Which is what we would expect from a basic acceptance of freshman physics. Energy and matter are conserved. No exceptions.<p>Singling out fructose as some kind of super-baddy doesn&#x27;t work, for the simple reason that the population BMI-calories correlation appears in countries outside the USA. Only the USA has corn politics and only the USA has HFCS in the food supply in any abundance. Yet the rest of the developed world is getting fat on the same trajectory as the USA has.
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wnevets将近 12 年前
is sugar toxic? Maybe, maybe not. I dont know.<p>What I do know is a diet low in sugar reduces cravings by a lot. Its a lot easier to lose weight when you don&#x27;t feel hungry all the time.
gilgoomesh将近 12 年前
Betteridge&#x27;s Law of Headlines at work.<p>&gt; any headline which ends in a question mark can be answered by the word &quot;no.&quot;<p>The article directly answers the headline in the negative.<p>&gt; our cells depend on sugar for energy<p>The rest of the article is more intelligent but it&#x27;s undermined by the link-baiting headline.
13lur将近 12 年前
The ironic part about the hour and a half talk &quot;Sugar: The Bitter Truth&quot; is that all the people who it could help the most all have sugar-induced ADD and won&#x27;t be able to sit through it to understand it...<p>Anyways I hope this recent bump from HN allows Dr. Lustig to make the talk-show rounds again.
wissler将近 12 年前
Fructose (as in HFCS) goes through the same metabolic pathway as alcohol, so it&#x27;s important to differentiate between fructose and glucose.<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBnniua6-oM" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=dBnniua6-oM</a>
amerika_blog将近 12 年前
I really hope not. I love sugar. It&#x27;s also the only stimulant I can mete out in small doses that will keep me going without obliterating my concentration, as caffeine tends to do (disclaimer: I haven&#x27;t tried cocaine).
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rfnslyr将近 12 年前
Man. Sugar is the worst. Take it from me. I moved to the city the moment I turned 18, I didn&#x27;t know much about cooking. Back in the &#x27;burbs you&#x27;d be lucky to live within 10km of a grocery store. Downtown however, totally different story. I went NUTS with sweets and pizza.<p>I gained over 100 lbs in just under half a year. I was eating around 10k calories a day.<p>I then stuck to only these foods and have only been eating this the past couple years:<p>chicken<p>lean beef<p>kale + other greens<p>various fruit<p>cheese<p>That&#x27;s it. No seasoning, nothing. I&#x27;m so much happier now. Better sleeps, better mood, better everything. My mood and days fluctuated like crazy when I didn&#x27;t keep track of my diet.<p>I&#x27;d love to hear some opinions on the following talk from fellow HNers:<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBnniua6-oM" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=dBnniua6-oM</a>
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