An exchange is not just a transfer, it is a transfer at a price. Sure, you can transfer 1 BTC to 100$, but how do you determine a price? If A wants to buy 1 BTC from B, what is the transaction? 1$,5$,1000$? You need to integrate with the fiat system and you need a limit order book. I would suggest Harris book on microstructure for an understanding of exchange markets (ISBN 0195144708).