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The abolition of work

60 点作者 arcadeparade将近 16 年前

13 条评论

Eliezer将近 16 年前
Voted up for being accurate about the evils of work. Pity the author has absolutely no clue what to do about it, and so little knowledge of economics as to not even be aware of his own ignorance.<p>It's all about incentive structures, professional specialization, and comparative advantage. If you want to replace work, you have to find something better. The author shows no sign of understanding why they are important.<p>If you could come up with a better incentive structure that gives people a reason to try, while still exploiting professional specialization and comparative advantage, <i>without</i> creating bosses and managers to regiment life, you could systematize it and start companies that used it which would outcompete existing companies.
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Dove将近 16 年前
I could not disagree more with the article. Work is not evil. Oppression is evil, sometimes the way people treat each other in the context of work is evil. But work itself, especially hard work, is good for the soul.<p>It's not the drudgery or labor that's so satisfying. It's the sense of working on something necessary. No one would drive rail spikes or write in machine code for fun--at least, not on the scale necessary to actually achieve something. But once upon a time, the tasks were necessary, and those who undertook them rightly took joy in what they were achieving. That's work. Doing something necessary and useful is satisfying, even if it isn't fun.<p>Automate all you want; I'm all for it. It's one of the ways we make ourselves rich. I'd never argue that writing in machine code or taking out the garbage are inherently good for the soul, and eliminating the need for such things is good. But while they remain necessary, they are a source of satisfaction. There will always be tasks like that, because there will always be great things we can achieve that aren't possible without a lot of work.<p>I'm constantly pursuing projects, some for pay and some for play. But the funny thing about projects for play: most of them I never finish. The ones that do become great have a lot of the characteristics of work: I can see a need for them, I expect a big payoff for completion, others ask me to get them done, there's some sort of time constraint, I approach in a disciplined way and power through the dull bits. Of course, the inverse is also true: those projects I do for pay which turn out great have a lot of aspects of play: I make them interesting, I learn things, I experiment and inject humor, I have time to make them beautiful, to do things right. Great achievement lies in the intersection of work and play, I think.<p>I certainly wouldn't advocate unemployment, as this fellow does. I spent a year or so unemployed, once--and with no real financial pressure to get a job. It was absolute misery. My creative and passionate impulses slowly dried up. I always say, "I'll learn this new language when I have time," but in fact I learn things exactly when I <i>don't</i> have time, but need them to get something done. When I had all the time in the world, I didn't pursue all those projects I was so interested in. After a few half-hearted starts, I shriveled into a TV-watching video-gaming internet-reading ball of goo.<p>I plan to never pursue that lifestyle. I may retire early from financially necessary work--in fact, I plan to. But I don't plan to ever actually stop working. That was hell!
jlc将近 16 年前
I used to have my freshmen composition classes read Bob Black. Was always interesting, but often hard for some students to see the difference between work, the stuff that gets done, and work, the social construct. I think it's good for everyone to think about the ways in which the latter is alienating (in the Marxist sense) and exploitive, even (maybe esp.) if you're not an anarchist.
chrismear将近 16 年前
Standard counter-argument: someone's still got to take away the trash.
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arram将近 16 年前
I'm worried about the full scale psychological break down that's likely to come from not requiring anything from anybody. pg mentions 'Manhattan house wives' somewhere in his writing. It's that psychological affliction writ large. Some people can auto-impose the structure necessary to not sink into an orgy of escapism, but I'm guessing it's less than 3%.<p>Imagine the popular culture in a world where it's trivial for people to endlessly indulge their most idiosyncratic whims and vices - where hard knocks no longer cull delusional and generally ineffective behaviors.
gojomo将近 16 年前
This reminds me of another manifesto arguing to expand our ideas of what's possible, 'The Hedonistic Imperative', that takes a mostly pharmacological approach:<p><a href="http://www.hedweb.com/" rel="nofollow">http://www.hedweb.com/</a><p>For that matter, this piece has strong similarities to the Unabomber manifesto, aka "Industrial Society and its Future".<p><a href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Industrial_Society_and_Its_Future" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Industrial_Society_and_Its_Fut...</a><p>All such romantic manifestos are interesting in how they make you think, but the devil is in the details. Humans compete for power, for status, for reproduction; if you somehow remove economic competition you might get something worse, corrupt and oppressive and murderous in another direction.<p>And the hunter-gatherer past was a bit nastier than this piece lets on. Some alternate views:<p><a href="http://www.troynovant.com/Franson/Keeley/War-Before-Civilization.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.troynovant.com/Franson/Keeley/War-Before-Civiliza...</a><p><a href="http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/pinker07/pinker07_index.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/pinker07/pinker07_index.html</a><p>Pinker summarizes the knowledge of prehistoric combat death rates: "If the wars of the twentieth century had killed the same proportion of the population that die in the wars of a typical tribal society, there would have been two billion deaths, not 100 million."
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wallflower将近 16 年前
Marshall Brain's 'Robotic Nation' explores what would happen in a highly automated society (e.g. robots would take over all sectors)<p><a href="http://marshallbrain.com/robotic-nation.htm" rel="nofollow">http://marshallbrain.com/robotic-nation.htm</a>
Luff将近 16 年前
From the text: <i>As Smith observed: "The understandings of the greater part of men are necessarily formed by their ordinary employments. The man whose life is spent in performing a few simple operations . . . has no occasion to exert his understanding . . . He generally becomes as stupid and ignorant as it is possible for a human creature to become." Here, in a few blunt words, is my critique of work.</i><p>Then what would the outcome be if man don't have to work at all? Better for some, but worse for many others is my guess.
jdowdell将近 16 年前
I always liked "Theses on Groucho Marxism" better: <a href="http://www.collectivereinventions.org/Archives/pages/theses_on_groucho_marxism.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.collectivereinventions.org/Archives/pages/theses_...</a>
known将近 16 年前
<a href="http://www.whywork.org/" rel="nofollow">http://www.whywork.org/</a>
jbrun将近 16 年前
I posted a similar idea a couple years back:<p><a href="http://www.jonathanbrun.com/2006/07/guns-germs-and-happiness.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.jonathanbrun.com/2006/07/guns-germs-and-happiness...</a>
wizardofoz将近 16 年前
I believe work is the source of happiness. Happiness comes to you when you see the fruits of your work.<p>I remember feeling really happy after finishing up a program that I had been working on for a long time. Just seeing it work so perfectly gave me an incredible sense of satisfaction. It was far better from the satisfaction/pleasure I got from doing things like watching TV/movies, going on dates, eating at nice restaurants, etc.<p>Developing the program was definitely not play either. It involved things (like fixing bugs, coming up with algorithms) for which I had to expend a considerable amount of intellectual energy. It was work, but it was work worth working on.
stuffthatmatter将近 16 年前
it's easy to not be stuck to a job; just don't get into debts and marriage. then you can always pick and choose your schedule.