Anecdote: In a 40hr/week corporate job I was evaluated on time at desk. My managers would tell me I needed to be at my desk more, because upper managers would walk around and check on who was at their desk. These upper managers had come from operations, and had managed production environments their entire careers, and would primarily judge performance on time spent at work. I was hardly ever asked by the upper managers on what I was working on, I wasn't; I just had to be at the desk. Later these managers were given flex time, no set hours. Everyone actually worked longer without set hours. Japanese company.