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Why are roller coaster loops not circular?

194 点作者 squeakynick大约 11 年前

15 条评论

maxerickson大约 11 年前
As seems to be a pattern with this blog, the article is a little too similar to existing materials to not have any citations. Here the tree starts at Wikipedia, bounces through Archive.org and ends up at a Danish blog with some interesting images:<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_loop" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Vertical_loop</a><p><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070827183113/http://fy.chalmers.se/LISEBERG/eng/loop_pe.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;web.archive.org&#x2F;web&#x2F;20070827183113&#x2F;http:&#x2F;&#x2F;fy.chalmers...</a><p><a href="http://www.matematiksider.dk/vejgeometri.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.matematiksider.dk&#x2F;vejgeometri.html</a><p>Nothing is taken directly from the source material though.<p>Edit: Just to expand a bit on calling it a pattern, this blog:<p><a href="http://www.datagenetics.com/blog/september32012/index.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.datagenetics.com&#x2F;blog&#x2F;september32012&#x2F;index.html</a><p>uses a figure (and analysis) very reminiscent of <i>A birthday present every eleven wallets?</i> from here:<p><a href="http://www.jbonneau.com/publications.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.jbonneau.com&#x2F;publications.html</a>
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jameshart大约 11 年前
Initial explanation of &quot;why the roller coaster doesn&#x27;t fall off&quot; is poor. In fact, the explanation doesn&#x27;t even mention gravity, which is odd, because if the coaster were to fall off gravity would presumably be the force responsible. The author explains that the track is applying a downward force on the inverted coaster: but that force would surely combine with gravity to accelerate the coaster downwards, which is the opposite of the apparently observed phenomenon we&#x27;re trying to explain here. Of course that -is- what happens, but only because the coaster is going fast enough that gravitational acceleration downward would curve the cars down less than the track does.<p>The trick is to realize that an unguided rollercoaster, not on a track, wants to travel along a parabola (not in a straight line, as indicated in the text). If the coaster is going fast enough, then the radius of curvature of the parabola at that location in the coaster&#x27;s trajectory is greater than that of the track, in which case the track gets to apply additional centripetal force and turn the coaster -more- than it &#x27;wants&#x27; to. If the coaster is going slow, then the radius of curvature of the parabola will be less than the radius of the track, and the natural path of the coaster will tend to pull it down away from the track.<p>Of course, at that point, you find out what -really- stops the coaster from falling off, which is that it&#x27;s riding on a tubular steel track with wheels clamped both above and below the rail...<p>All of which is mentioned - later in the article, but as an introductory section, messing up the basics so badly really undermines the article.
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symmetricsaurus大约 11 年前
Roller coaster design is one of the areas where you can actually use the 3rd time derivate of position, the jerk, to good effect. So the jerk is the change in acceleration over time. A typical motion with high jerk is when you are riding in a car and the driver turns the wheel quickly, not a very comfortable experience.<p>The same is true for roller coasters; high jerk motions are uncomfortable. So you have to not only take the limits of comfortable acceleration into consideration but also try to minimize the jerk.
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crazygringo大约 11 年前
I&#x27;d love to read this page but it&#x27;s using 88% CPU on Chrome on OSX. I can barely even scroll the page. :( There&#x27;s no Flash, must be some crazy processor-intensive JavaScript animation?
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nraynaud大约 11 年前
this kind of shape is also used in high speed machining, when there is no need for a precise path (pocket roughing for example), it&#x27;s better to avoid the shock (infinite jerk) of a circular arc.
robinhouston大约 11 年前
There is a whole lot of interesting material about clothoid curves in Raph Levien’s PhD thesis <a href="http://www.levien.com/phd/phd.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.levien.com&#x2F;phd&#x2F;phd.html</a><p>Don’t be put off by the fact it’s a PhD thesis, a genre not generally noted for good clear writing. The tone is scholarly, but unusually readable, and there’s a surprising amount of well-researched historical material (chapters 5 and 6).<p>He used a design tool based on these curves to design the popular open source monospaced font Inconsolata.
josefresco大约 11 年前
Anyone else think of this while reading the article?<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthanasia_Coaster" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Euthanasia_Coaster</a>
ce4大约 11 年前
The article claims that you&#x27;re exposed to constant G-force in such an unround &quot;circle&quot;. This is only partially true (if you&#x27;re riding in the exact middle of the train), because the vehicle is so long.<p>Riding in a rollercoaster is really a very different experience if you&#x27;re a) sitting in the very front, b) in the middle or c) in the last compartment. I like to sit in the last seat :-)<p>Imagine the very first part of the ride, a horizontal track with a sharp edge downwards:<p>Especially the last compartment is really fun because you get the most forward acceleration in the beginning (when 90% of the train is &quot;falling&quot; downwards and the last compartment is still in a &quot;horizontal&quot; position. This leads to almost 1G forward acceleration while the first compartment is facing downward without accelerating too much because the biggest part of the coaster is still in a horizontal position).
winslow大约 11 年前
Ahh so this same explanation could be used for why you can&#x27;t swing yourself up and over a swing set bar? Unless you go mythbusters style and use rockets?<p>[1] - <a href="http://youtu.be/torrlSW6VnA" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;youtu.be&#x2F;torrlSW6VnA</a>
yread大约 11 年前
&gt; Roller coaster enthusiasts exploit these differences and compare notes as to the better places to sit on each ride to maximize the hang times, g-forces and ride experiences.<p>Hmm that sounds interesting, is there a &quot;Roller coaster news&quot; somewhere?
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jxf大约 11 年前
I loved the position-acceleration-velocity animation. I&#x27;d love to know how was that created (i.e. with what tools).
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dallasgutauckis大约 11 年前
This needs an ELI5&#x2F;TLDR version....
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rafekett大约 11 年前
guess without reading the article: uses less material per unit length of track
NextUserName大约 11 年前
Two reason that I can guess (before reading any comments or the article).<p>1. More energy is lost the wider the loop is. This is because on a truly round loop, the cars would be pushing hard against the widest part of the circle as the cars change from going from right to left (or vise-verse). By not going out as far, you don&#x27;t have to come as far back to get to the top of the loop.<p>2. The geometry of the loop is tuned partially based on the number of cars. Most roller coasters have between 6 and 10 cars. You want the first one to be starting on the way down way before the last one all the way to the apex. This uses gravity to help with overall velocity. The easiest way to achieve this is by distributing the sharpest part of the angular transition at the top of the loop.<p>Perhaps I should not post a comment before reading, but I am curious to know what others think (off the cuff).
stansmith大约 11 年前
Love the animation.