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A brief history of USB, what it replaced, and what has failed to replace it

88 点作者 jorgecastillo将近 11 年前

4 条评论

userbinator将近 11 年前
As someone who has programmed for USB and many of the other &quot;legacy&quot; ports, I think what it replaced was much simpler to work with; in comparison, USB is a huge mass of complexity at every level, from the signaling protocols to the driver interfaces.<p>There&#x27;s no denying that some of the things that came with USB, like mass storage and video cameras, are really useful, but I don&#x27;t think the same is true of trying to replace PS&#x2F;2, serial, and parallel ports. E.g. USB keyboards do not support more than 6 simultaneous key presses without needing some special workarounds, while it is not a problem for PS&#x2F;2 interface. Serial ports are still widely used, especially for working with embedded hardware - a UART makes for an extremely simple terminal interface. Parallel ports are easy to interface to, and essentially provide GPIO capability - you can use one to flash microcontrollers and EEPROMs, e.g. to recover from bad BIOS flashes and other similarly bricked devices ( <a href="http://www.fccps.cz/download/adv/frr/spi/msi_spi.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.fccps.cz&#x2F;download&#x2F;adv&#x2F;frr&#x2F;spi&#x2F;msi_spi.html</a> <a href="http://write-code.blogspot.ca/2012/08/parallel-port-spi-flash-programmer-and-unbrick-wm8650.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;write-code.blogspot.ca&#x2F;2012&#x2F;08&#x2F;parallel-port-spi-flas...</a> ) And from my experience trying to install and troubleshoot a USB printer (the problem was driver-related), I&#x27;d rather stay with one connected to a parallel port.<p>Latencies are also much lower and more predicatable than USB because these are dedicated interfaces; there&#x27;s a community of hobbyists using parallel ports to control CNC machines, and USB&lt;&gt;parallel adapters will not work for that.<p>My motherboard still has PS&#x2F;2, parallel, and serial - and 8 USB ports. A little-known fact is that most if not all of the integrated I&#x2F;O chips (&quot;SuperIO&quot;) used on motherboards still have all the legacy port controllers, but the manufacturers don&#x27;t bother connecting the pins to anything.
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MBCook将近 11 年前
It&#x27;s sad to see Ars repeating the old &quot;Firewire failed to beat USB&quot; myth.<p>Firewire was <i>never</i> designed to handle modems, mice, keyboards, gamepads, or other low bandwidth things; and it never made the move to try.<p>On the other hand, USB 1.0 was never suited for high bandwidth devices like hard drives, video cameras, and flatbed scanners. If you remember using USB 1.0 hard drives, you remember how amazingly slow they were.<p>They were designed for different purposes. Firewire never went &#x27;down&#x27;, it stayed with high bandwidth devices; but USB moved &#x27;up&#x27; with USB 2 to better service the high bandwidth devices people were trying to use (like hard drives).<p>Firewire 400 was usually faster than USB 2, but cost and ubiquity (and Sony&#x27;s crazy 4-pin connector) meant it was never big with consumers. But in the end Firewire could only hold onto parts of the professional market for high bandwidth devices.<p>Thunderbolt is the challenger (really replacement) to FireWire. When USB 4 comes out in two or three years are we going to see articles about how USB defeated Thunderbolt because Thunderbolt keyboards never became popular?<p>Yeah. The Firewire vs. USB thing is almost always used to add an &#x27;opponent&#x27; where there often wasn&#x27;t one. After all, all articles are required to have an &#x27;opponent&#x27;. Sure you could talk about how the old ports hung on amazingly long in the PC space, but it&#x27;s more fun to throw unnecessary punches at FireWire.<p>But honestly, no one ever sold a Firewire mouse. I would <i>love</i> to see a link to one. I know there were a few Firewire thumbdrives that were supposed to be amazingly fast, but it&#x27;s not exactly apples and oranges.
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kabdib将近 11 年前
USB has some pretty nifty ideas buried under a descriptor and software specification that was clearly designed by hardware guys colluding with some firmware types. Those things are not simple. It&#x27;s a crappy way to describe a device to an OS.<p>The core USB descriptors are . . . okay, if you put yourself in the position of a firmware guy with like zero bytes left in code space. The howling gotchas start when you get into the higher level stuff, like multimedia. It takes an unholy amount of firmware and driver-side code to make a UVC device.<p>Why can&#x27;t standards be <i>simple</i>?<p>Some of the standards are examples of craven bad design, too. For instance, there&#x27;s a standard conversation that I have regarding DFU, Device Firmware Update:<p>Engineer: &quot;What do you think about DFU?&quot;<p>Me: &quot;It&#x27;s a pile of crap. It&#x27;s 900 feet of rope on a 1,000 foot cliff, and you&#x27;ll be fixing bugs in firmware update stuff for a long time.&quot;<p>Engineer: &quot;I&#x27;ve been told to use it. It&#x27;s a standard. How bad could it be?&quot;<p>Me: &quot;See you in month.&quot;<p>(a month goes by)<p>Engineer: &quot;Holy shit, you were right. But I&#x27;ve been TOLD to use it, because it&#x27;s a standard and would save a bunch of time. All we&#x27;re doing now is fixing firmware update bugs, re-enumeration bugs in the host OS, and I&#x27;ve got a pile of bricked units that I have to go through every morning.&quot;<p>Me: (heavy sigh; this stuff just isn&#x27;t that hard, okay?)<p>Variations on this conversation include &quot;Oh, the chip vendor has a DFU implementation already, it&#x27;s in ROM&quot; [do not walk, RUN away from that chip...], and &quot;Don&#x27;t worry, we just tell the user to not unplug the device during the update&quot; [bangs head against desk].<p>The USB 3.0 host controller spec was actually rather nice (even if all the chips I saw had different and sometimes quite spectacular bugs].
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Pxtl将近 11 年前
I seriously don&#x27;t miss midi&#x2F;game ports and serial and parallel ports. That said, the inability to draw power through a port that is currently hosting peripherals is a huge flaw that&#x27;s really hindered smartphone docking stations.
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