TE
科技回声
首页24小时热榜最新最佳问答展示工作
GitHubTwitter
首页

科技回声

基于 Next.js 构建的科技新闻平台,提供全球科技新闻和讨论内容。

GitHubTwitter

首页

首页最新最佳问答展示工作

资源链接

HackerNews API原版 HackerNewsNext.js

© 2025 科技回声. 版权所有。

Draining California

126 点作者 ams1超过 10 年前

13 条评论

sparkman55超过 10 年前
It&#x27;s not clear from the (beautiful!) article, but 4 times as much water goes to agricultural use than to municipal use in California. People won&#x27;t die of thirst in California, but crops aren&#x27;t doing as well.<p>In particular, orchards spread through much of California&#x27;s central valley. These are perennial plants (trees or vines), living decades in some cases.<p>If you&#x27;ve mortgaged the farm to plant acres of fruit or nut trees, you&#x27;re not going to let them die in a drought. You&#x27;ll fight hard for any running water you can get your hands on, and then you&#x27;ll dig wells and suck as much water out of the ground as your trees need.<p>Groundwater has been (uncharacteristically!) unregulated in California, so aggressive ranchers or farmers can draw down the water table, threatening their neighbors&#x27; wells and causing a &#x27;tragedy of the commons&#x27; situation and a race to drill. Sucking all that water out of the ground has all sorts of environmental concerns - as a result, California just passed laws to become the last western state to regulate groundwater usage.
评论 #8345685 未加载
评论 #8344183 未加载
snomad超过 10 年前
Many people will often say agricultural uses 80% of the water. This is not the whole picture.<p>&quot;Nature provides about 200 million acre-feet of precipitation to California in average years. Of this total, 65% is lost through evaporation and transpiration by trees and other plants. The remaining 35% stays in the state’s system as runoff. More than 30% of this runoff flows out to the Pacific Ocean or other salt sinks. The rest is used by agricultural, urban, and environmental purposes.<p>About 75% of the annual precipitation falls north of Sacramento, while more than 75% of the demand for water is south of the capital city. Most of the rain and snowfall occurs between October and April, while demand is highest during the hot and dry summer months&quot; [1]<p>While evaporation is part of the natural process, I question how much is self-inflicted by transporting &#x2F; storing large volumes of water where evaporation will occur at high rates.<p>Further, while residential may only use around 10% of the roughly 49 million square feet allocated for human use, we really should consider the evaporation costs incurred from transporting part of the base 200 million square feet down south.<p>I have been unable to find a reliable source that measures the evaporation from the 16 aqueducts [2], let alone the 100s of reservoirs [3]. Please share if you have one.<p>[1] - <a href="http://www.acwa.com/content/california-water-series/californias-water-california-water-systems" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.acwa.com&#x2F;content&#x2F;california-water-series&#x2F;californ...</a><p>[2] - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aqueducts" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;List_of_aqueducts</a><p>[3] - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_California" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_...</a>
评论 #8345008 未加载
评论 #8344596 未加载
评论 #8345378 未加载
评论 #8347249 未加载
评论 #8344921 未加载
评论 #8346017 未加载
gregwebs超过 10 年前
What a great visualization!<p>It is sad though to click on the other tab &quot;When Snows Fall&quot; and see the central valley referred to as an &quot;inhabited desert&quot;. We continually try to give the impression that we turned the Central Valley from desert into farmland, when the opposite is the case: we turned what was a winter wetlands into a desert.<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Valley_Grasslands_State_Park" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Great_Valley_Grasslands_State_P...</a>
评论 #8346426 未加载
bryanlarsen超过 10 年前
We live in Ottawa, Canada. Last year we had a very dry summer, so the city sent out notices asking people to please water their lawns regularly.<p>The Ottawa River is a major river, Ottawa is the only major user of its water, and doesn&#x27;t really make a dent in the flow, especially since we put our wastewater back into the Ottawa (after treatment, mostly).<p>They had no concern about water security, but they did have a concern about fires. There were a couple of cases where dry lawns made it easier for fires to jump from one property to another, so they sent out the notice.
评论 #8344696 未加载
评论 #8344517 未加载
ChuckMcM超过 10 年前
That gives a great picture of the current situation. I&#x27;ve spent many weekends camping up around the reservoirs and it is pretty dry. And further south, the monsoonal rains from the hurricanes are causing floods. I heard an interesting question asking why they can ship oil from North Dakota to Richmond CA to be refined but can&#x27;t ship water. No doubt when water hits $100&#x2F;barrel it will become profitable to ship it here by train.
评论 #8343866 未加载
palderson超过 10 年前
Big problems, create big opportunities. Some of the developments that may occur to address this issue over the next 10+ years:<p>- Development of a robust water entitlement exchange - Decoupling a water right from the land to create a more tradable asset - Regulation change to allow for water leases - A shift away from growing &#x27;thirsty&#x27; crops in drought-prone regions - Decentralization of water treatment plants to reduce distribution costs - Increased use of grey and recycled water in the home - Pricing changes based on its use within high water use industries - Increased use of GM crops designed to require less water - State-sponsored overseas farming specifically for US import of thirsty crops - Less water exporting occurring. I.e. selling thirsty crops to China<p>And I&#x27;m sure, much, much more.
评论 #8346011 未加载
themodelplumber超过 10 年前
I live right by a California reservoir that has been heavily drawn down. You can walk right out to the middle of it (dodging a couple areas where there is still water). It freaks people out, but I guess they don&#x27;t get that this particular water isn&#x27;t really ours anyway (no water rights, only recreation rights) and as the article touches on, reservoirs are drawn down during times like these anyway. Still, looking at all the barrenness, I <i>really</i> look forward to the next time it floods way over into the parking lots like it did a couple of years ago.
ilaksh超过 10 年前
Strategies like desalination (see San Diego&#x27;s new huge desalination project), hydroponics&#x2F;aquaponics and (ultra)local production can make these problems more manageable.<p>Instead of giant agricultural fields that are open to evaporation, hydroponic or aquaponics inside of greenhouses could vastly reduce water usage.<p>Instead of huge farms or corporations producing food tens or hundreds of miles away from where it is eaten, community&#x2F;neighborhood or even household food production could be an alternative. This would be more efficient and save on energy and other costs needed for transporting and retailing food.<p>These things will probably become more economically viable and popular as solar becomes a consumer-level reality. As in, people are buying solar kits at Walmart or Home Depot regularly. The prices are almost already there.<p>Pretty sure that a lot of this is related to network effects and trends. The neighborhood urban hydroponic farming thing becomes more economically viable as it becomes more popular, simply because more people are cooperating (via the market) in order to make that more convenient.<p>Of course, there is a limit to how much food we can produce locally. Right now, even if we converted every Target into an urban farm, and every home and apartment used advanced technology to pull in solar energy efficiently and dedicated a full 1&#x2F;3 of its space to hydroponic or aquaponic produce, we might only be able to supply a fraction of our food needs that way. What fraction that would be, 10%, 20% or 50%, not sure.<p>But I feel like that more local production is going to be more efficient and robust in the end, and more and more popular as we start to distribute production technologies more evenly.
评论 #8346044 未加载
sytelus超过 10 年前
Are there any actual water shortage for normal folks in residential places? For example, do you still have 24 hr water available in your apartments? Is water from tap usually drinkable? These drought stuff is pretty scary but I haven&#x27;t yet heard if normal (non agriculture) folks getting hurt yet.
评论 #8343762 未加载
评论 #8343738 未加载
评论 #8343728 未加载
评论 #8343719 未加载
评论 #8345807 未加载
ikawe超过 10 年前
I&#x27;ve been scraping aqueduct sensor levels from the LA Aqueduct for a couple of years - aggregating the data here: <a href="http://api.thirsty.la/" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;api.thirsty.la&#x2F;</a><p>Please let me know if you find it useful!
Roboprog超过 10 年前
Irony: it has been horribly dry this year. However, it just started raining (with a huge side of lightening) a few minutes ago in western El Dorado county, a few miles from Folsom reservoir, where I live. Normally we don&#x27;t get rain until October or later. Remains to be seen if it does more than slicken the sidewalk, though.
alsetmusic超过 10 年前
Link goes to site homepage, not an article. Can anyone provide a link to the intended story?<p>edit: or maybe it&#x27;s my browser, but I didn&#x27;t check
评论 #8343699 未加载
harywilke超过 10 年前
saw these photos. looks dreadful.<p><a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2014/09/dramatic-photos-of-californias-historic-drought/100804/" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.theatlantic.com&#x2F;infocus&#x2F;2014&#x2F;09&#x2F;dramatic-photos-o...</a>
评论 #8344667 未加载