The actual publication, <a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v516/n7529/full/nature13875.html#ref9" rel="nofollow">http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v516/n7529/full/nature1...</a>, is not quite so bold as to say they've demonstrated room temperature superconductivity, rather:<p>"Among these, the enhancement in the dx2-y2 character of the in-plane electronic structure is likely to favour superconductivity."<p>They cite two of their past publications, "Optically enhanced coherent transport in YBa2Cu3O6.5 by ultrafast redistribution of interlayer coupling," and "Optically induced coherent transport far above Tc in underdoped YBCuO."
If they had actually unequivocally shown pulsed YBCO to be superconducting at room temperature the title would be more like, "ROOM TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY YES!!!!!"<p>The real demonstration of superconductivity is measuring a Meissner effect (exclusion of magnetic field) in the material (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect</a>). I haven't read the articles in detail, but it sounds to me like they have seen some properties that are similar to those found in the superconducting state, but they have not measured a definitive signature of superconductivity.