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Why Are Psychedelics Illegal?

112 点作者 rk0567超过 10 年前

12 条评论

syllogism超过 10 年前
&gt; To better understand why, in McKenna’s view, psychedelics are illegal, it may be helpful to examine why the world today operates on a dominator instead of a partnership model, and what exactly these terms mean.<p>What?? No! That won&#x27;t be helpful at all!<p>Why not start with the discourse at the time they were banned. What was said? Should we take it at face value? Did the illegality emerge once and spread, or did it &quot;evolve&quot; separately, in lots of different places?<p>Plenty of policy gets passed due to specific, contingent circumstances right at that moment. It often comes down to the judgment of a few people thinking on a very short time-horizon.<p>Before reaching for some sort of grand dialectic theory, we should at least find out whether the &quot;reasons&quot; aren&#x27;t wholly contingent. What if we just got stuck with this policy because of some specific set of circumstances, and we still have it due to sheer inertia?
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ivanca超过 10 年前
One thing that wasn&#x27;t mention by the article is that drug prohibition is (at least partly) based on racist beliefs[0], here is a famous quote from Harry Anslinger, the first commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (an early predecessor of the DEA):<p>&gt; There are 100,000 total marijuana smokers in the U.S., and most are Negroes, Hispanics, Filipinos and entertainers. Their Satanic music, jazz and swing result from marijuana use. This marijuana causes white women to seek sexual relations with Negroes, entertainers and any others. [...] its effect on the degenerate races.<p>[0]<a href="http://io9.com/anti-marijuana-laws-were-based-on-racism-not-science-1500321449" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;io9.com&#x2F;anti-marijuana-laws-were-based-on-racism-not-...</a>
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revscat超过 10 年前
&gt; Psychedelics are illegal not because a loving government is concerned that you may jump out of a third story window. Psychedelics are illegal because they dissolve opinion structures and culturally laid down models of behavior and information processing. They open you up to the possibility that everything you know is wrong.<p>This in my opinion is exactly right. I do not have wide experience with psychedelics, but I have experienced a few, and the common element among all of them was how much it opened my mind up to new lines of thinking, and these paths were tended lead in directions that were not amicable towards our neoliberal capitalist society.
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poulsbohemian超过 10 年前
&gt; Psychedelics are illegal not because a loving government is concerned that you may jump out of a third story window. Psychedelics are illegal because they dissolve opinion structures and culturally laid down models of behavior and information processing. They open you up to the possibility that everything you know is wrong.<p>Counterpoint: Isn&#x27;t that pretty obvious even without psychedelics?
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whoopdedo超过 10 年前
I tend to look at drug prohibitions by governments as akin to kosher restrictions. I once heard a rabbi explain why kosher exists. (These are his words, recalled from my memory so certainly not exactly correct.) There is no inherent meaning to the prohibition. Not eating pork doesn&#x27;t make you a better person, nor does eating it make you a bad person. But by not eating pork you are demonstrating your obedience to God. The law says &quot;do not kill&quot; and for most men it is easy to obey that law. If that was all one needed to do to be a servant of God there would be little point to religion. Your personal faith would rarely be tested. So God tests us in a small way, with kosher laws. These are easy to obey, but also more difficult because the temptation is more common. When you abstain from eating pork you are strengthening your faith and preparing for when you may be faced with a more serious temptation. It is a daily affirmation of your obedience to God. (end quotation)<p>So I also think that government prohibitions exist largely to allow governments to assert their authority. If you can&#x27;t be trusted to follow a simple law like &quot;don&#x27;t use this recreational drug&quot; then you can&#x27;t be trusted to follow more serious laws like &quot;don&#x27;t stab someone in the face&quot;.<p>(Not saying I agree with it. I&#x27;m just making an observation.)
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jrapdx3超过 10 年前
In the article, and many of the comments here, the thrust is that illegality is primarily a political matter. I certainly can&#x27;t argue that isn&#x27;t a factor, but I can say it&#x27;s not the only salient issue.<p>All drugs have multiple effects, most of which receive little or no study. Particular effects may be useful, and the others we call &quot;side-effects&quot;. The problem with drugs is determining these characteristics, a notably difficult task since individual responses vary widely. BTW, the US FDA considers AE occurrence of &gt;=1% to be &quot;frequent&quot;, that is, a major&#x2F;signficant side-effect of the drug.<p>Systematic study is extremely laborious. That&#x27;s the reason therapeutic drugs require such expensive and time-consuming development. Potential severe but rare effects may not come to the fore until millions of people are exposed to the drug. If it comes to light that &gt;=1&#x2F;10^6 recipients have a fatal response, that may represent too big a risk to leave the drug on the market.<p>Hallucinogenic drugs are <i>not</i> risk free. Spend a few days in the ED where such drugs are being widely used and there will be multiple instances of panic, dissociative responses and psychosis. This is something I&#x27;ve personally observed. Yes, it&#x27;s anecdotal, but large, well-structured, placebo-controlled trials have not yet been done.<p>In the absence of such studies, is it ethical to assert the use of any drug is &quot;safe&quot;? Even if serious adverse effects are &quot;infrequent&quot; (&lt;1%), encouraging people to use a drug (particularly for non-essential purposes) could conceivably result in thousands of people trying it, and consequently a substantial number suffering harm. Such advocacy would almost certainly not meet standards of responsible behavior.
petersellers超过 10 年前
It&#x27;s been well over a decade since I&#x27;ve dabbled in this. My viewpoint is that while psychedelics are mostly harmless, there is a small chance for some latent psychological &quot;damage&quot; if you will.<p>There&#x27;s not much evidence that psychedelics cause any physical harm to the body or risk of death&#x2F;overdose, but there is evidence that psychedelics can have lasting psychological effects. I think most of the time (as in my case, personally) the effects are generally positive. However, I think that excessive use (which is uncommon due to the nature of these substances being generally non-addictive) can increase the chance of adverse effects.<p>HPPD (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucinogen_persisting_perception_disorder" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Hallucinogen_persisting_percept...</a>) for example is the occurrence of latent &quot;sensory disturbances&quot; that people can experience years after psychedelic drug use.<p>Anecdotally, a friend of mine had to be temporarily hospitalized for a week or so due to a &quot;psychotic break&quot; that occurred after a year or two of fairly heavy psychedelic drug use. He had been otherwise mentally sound and physically healthy leading up to that point, and to this day he believes that the psychedelic drug use either directly contributed to the meltdown or otherwised exacerbated some previous unknown condition. Thankfully he&#x27;s been mostly fine ever since.<p>I don&#x27;t think that this evidence is reason enough to ban psychedelics. I think there is some genuine benefit that they can provide, and that more research should be done so the positive and negative effects can be better determined.
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Animats超过 10 年前
As, over time, there&#x27;s less of a need for low-end workers, we will probably see restrictions on recreational drugs relaxed. We&#x27;re seeing that now with marijuana. It&#x27;s a good drug for keeping the useless part of the population happy and quiet.<p>Read: <a href="http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/bravenew/themes.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.sparknotes.com&#x2F;lit&#x2F;bravenew&#x2F;themes.html</a>
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jqm超过 10 年前
I&#x27;m thinking the banning was probably not a conspiracy to suppress &quot;enlightenment&quot; for the benefit of the status quo. The people who did the banning almost certainly never tried psychedelics (which they very well may have if they really believed it would give them extra super powers and make them smarter... a view sometimes seen on HN which I believe may be a bit overblown).<p>I&#x27;m thinking the keyword is &quot;unexpected&quot;. People who took psychedelics behaved in an unexpected and unpredictable fashion. When it was a few Native Americans and University researchers, no big deal. When it became a large percentage of America&#x27;s young people dressing up funny and doing weird things (i.e. anti-social from the perspective at the time)... well, that&#x27;s a different matter and steps _had_ to be taken! Western civilization hates and fears the unknown.<p>So as usual with these types of things (terrorism, communism etc). everything got all blown out of proportion and the person who screamed &quot;Fire&quot; the loudest got the most air time while anyone who dissented was highly suspect and had trouble staying employed. You know, the usual nonsense that seems to repeat throughout history.<p>There probably was a (very small) seed of reality at the base of the hysteria. Twisting everything around can on occasion produce undesired side effects along with whatever benefits are claimed. The idea of drugs for extra powers of perception is not new. Psychedelics have been used for thousands of years. While I am in full agreement that they may on occasion lead to individual realizations which can be useful, if psychedelics were a magic answer for creative thinking, then it would have been a tribe of jungle natives sailing over to greet the linear thinking palefaces rather than the other way around....<p>Should psychedelics be legal? To that I answer... what are laws when time and space are expanding? (real answer... I don&#x27;t know. I guess I don&#x27;t care either. But I don&#x27;t think people should be criminally prosecuted for drug use. I believe I would be wary of mass commercial availability. Not for the masses I think.)
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stefantalpalaru超过 10 年前
&gt;Recently Riane Eisler in her important revisioning of history, The Chalice and the Blade, has advanced the important notion of “partnership” models of society being in competition and oppressed by “dominator” forms of social organization. These latter are hierarchical, paternalistic, materialistic, and male dominated.<p>The funny thing is that this book was published in 1987, 8 years into Margaret Thatcher&#x27;s rather violent domination of GB. But why let facts come in the way of fantasies rooted in the size of very old clay statues?
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dghughes超过 10 年前
I know it&#x27;s not cool to say anything bad about drugs these days but maybe it&#x27;s because they are harder on your liver.
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pianoforted超过 10 年前
&quot;psychedelics had always been that they were illegal not because it troubles anyone that you have visions but because there is something about them that casts doubts on the validity of reality.&quot;<p>No. Psychedelics are illegal because they make you want to run in front of an oncoming bus because its headlights sound like tchaikovsky and the wind tastes like blueberries.
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