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Save the Honeybee, Sterilize the Earth

152 点作者 cwal37超过 10 年前

7 条评论

rwallace超过 10 年前
According to the article, the reason for the massively increased use of herbicides is that it&#x27;s less labor-intensive than other ways of getting rid of weeds.<p>When we can find ways to produce a given quantity of food with less land, water, fertilizer and fossil fuel, this, as far as it goes, is an un-alloyed good.<p>But less labor is not as clearly so. Of course for a time it was necessary: we needed to move on from the situation where agriculture required ninety percent of the workforce. But nowadays we are finding the economy provides too few jobs, and in particular too few jobs that don&#x27;t require specialized skills or markers of political status. Maybe there is some optimum of labor efficiency in agriculture, and we&#x27;ve overshot that optimum?
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slacka超过 10 年前
&gt; &quot;By way of example he points to the expansion of crops genetically engineered to resist the herbicide glyphosate, which kills weeds that bees previously would have fed on. “We’re sterilizing the Earth,” he says.&quot;<p>As a child, I dreamed that I would grow up to a world where genetically modified organisms were the key to sustainable agriculture. We could have plants that eliminated the need for oil based fertilizers by enriching the soil like clover does and that are resistant to disease and insects. Instead I somehow ended up in this Bizarro World, where Dr. Evil runs Monsanto. Where they’ve turned large tracks of fertile land into a barren, sterile wasteland that can only grow their GMO crops.<p>We fight nature. If instead we worked with it, we could make our ecosystem healthier. For example switching to organic no-till farming could sequester an estimated 78 billion metric tonnes of carbon.[1] Not to mention the heath benefit of that the organic food would provide and impacted of reduced fertilizer runs off. It&#x27;s a shame we as a society don&#x27;t have the desire to work with mother nature.<p>&gt;“Bees aren’t a canary, they’re a mirror, telling us our agricultural system is out of whack.”<p>[1] <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-till_farming#Environmental" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;No-till_farming#Environmental</a>
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cwal37超过 10 年前
For me the real money-quote comes near the end:<p>&quot;For thousands of years we carried bees by raft and barge, by wagon and train, across oceans and continents, so they could make us honey and wax. Now we’ll try to carry them through the Anthropocene so they can pollinate our crops. The old mutualism, where we make homes for bees so bees can make us honey, is turning into fraught co-dependence. We need bees on an industrial scale to fertilize our food, and the bees need us to keep them alive in an increasingly hostile industrial landscape.&quot;<p>Articles like this really hit home for me and speak to those somewhat behind-the-scenes large-scale transformations of the natural world that you don&#x27;t always see until you&#x27;re a part of.<p>I grew up in IL and attended undergrad at UIUC. I wasn&#x27;t in CS or engineering, but this[1] program where perhaps my strongest focus was ecology. It is difficult to convey just how incredibly altered the ecology of the IA-IL-IN corn belt is. A giant swathe of land that was denuded, drained, tiled, and channelized. A few random things that stand out as a part of this from undergrad.<p>I worked with a professor briefly who practically begged farmers to let him install small riparian buffer strips to greatly reduce the hypoxia-inducing agricultural runoff. But no matter how small the width of the strips proposed, it&#x27;s a hard bargain to just hand over a strip of your potentially producing land.<p>I saw a series of farms where channelization of streams on their property had led to large erosion problems, and were working to restore a kind of anchored natural meander. The idea being that you would be able to avoid the wholesale erosion, but also control the extent of the bend.<p>UIUC itself was an utter joke in terms of institutional ecological initiative. We have the Morrow plots, the oldest experimental agricultural field in the united states, but no restored prairie, nothing to hint at what we replaced. You can find some if you go off of campus though, in Urbana.<p>It&#x27;s just kind of weird to think back to being in the middle of this giant living machine. Watching it flush its effluent down to the Gulf, and seeing everything else shrivel and die around it.<p>I went Monarch tagging a few months ago[2], and that is a sad endeavor (but also incredibly fun, everyone should run through a meadow catching butterflies at some point in their life). Everyone involved knows their habitat has decreased dramatically.<p>EDIT: And just one more thing. This might sound kind of cheesy, but I have always loved bumblebees, our rotund, fuzzy, endemic workers. They remind me strongly of hot, lazy, Midwestern summers from my childhood. I sort of vaguely knew that they weren&#x27;t doing well[3], but this article reminded me of that, and I&#x27;ll be sad to see them go.<p>[1] <a href="https://www.earth.illinois.edu/" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.earth.illinois.edu&#x2F;</a> [2] <a href="https://vimeo.com/108187852" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;vimeo.com&#x2F;108187852</a> [3] <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumblebee#Endangered_status" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Bumblebee#Endangered_status</a>
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warble超过 10 年前
&quot;Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) only affects honey bees in managed hives. The cause of this disease is still unknown, and there may be a number of contributing of factors, including pesticides, stress, and malnutrition. &quot; - <a href="http://www.helpabee.org/urban-bee-legends.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.helpabee.org&#x2F;urban-bee-legends.html</a><p>This is also interesting: <a href="http://www.takepart.com/feature/2014/06/20/what-is-killing-bees" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.takepart.com&#x2F;feature&#x2F;2014&#x2F;06&#x2F;20&#x2F;what-is-killing-b...</a><p>and I heard this a while back: <a href="http://www.econtalk.org/archives/2013/12/wally_thurman_o.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.econtalk.org&#x2F;archives&#x2F;2013&#x2F;12&#x2F;wally_thurman_o.htm...</a><p>After reading about these and other related articles I had assumed CCD was mostly a non-issue. Maybe I&#x27;m wrong?
mijoharas超过 10 年前
&gt; For thousands of years we carried bees by raft and barge, by wagon and train, across oceans and continents, so they could make us honey and wax. Now we’ll try to carry them through the Anthropocene so they can pollinate our crops.
baq超过 10 年前
the funny thing is, honey bees are only one species of more than a hundred and there are plenty of bees that are solitary.<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee#Solitary_and_communal_bees" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Bee#Solitary_and_communal_bees</a><p>maybe i&#x27;m understating it a bit, but my guess is that if honey bees died off, efficiency drop in agriculture would be temporary, except for honey industry.
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acd超过 10 年前
It was the pesticides that killed the bees. Monstanto corp always doing good things for humantiy agent orange etc