Regarding LPM for IP forwarding, there are similar high performance data structures: Luleå algorithm <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lule%C3%A5_algorithm" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lule%C3%A5_algorithm</a> or hybrid trees <a href="http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2007/15/LTU-DT-0715-SE.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2007/15/LTU-DT-0715-SE.pdf</a>