If this effect was large, wouldn't we have spotted it by now?<p>Doctors prescribe antibiotics for nearly anything nowadays. Along the antibiotic, you will get some sort of probiotic (selected strains of bacteria), not to mention all the yogurt and similar products we're eating. Millions of people around the world do it every year. At least some will correctly follow instructions, finish the round of antibiotic, and take the supplement for a while longer.<p>Essentially, we blast and replace bacteria in our guts all the time in a massive natural experiment. Yet I haven't seen any life-changing results.